In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is generally because of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilized to be a Uncooked substance Original soften (Czochralski process) [186]. Accordingly, based upon its production technological know-how, niobium pentoxide can undertake an array of compositions https://ricardomkgas.qodsblog.com/32456023/not-known-facts-about-lithium-niobate-crystal